Synthesis (because, although, after, so, despite, in spite of, unless)
1. Peter hurried because he was afraid of being late again.
2. We could not open the door although we pushed hard against it.
3. He felt sorry after telling a lie.
4. He gashed his hand badly so he had to go through minor surgery.
5. Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other.
6. You won’t pass the examinations unless you works much harder.
7. In spite of having very little money, they are happy.
8. Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the next village.
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
Synthesis - Conjunctions p40 : so…that/either…or/whether…or/not only… but also )
Conjunctions: so…that/either…or/whether…or/not only… but also )
1. She was so worried that she could not sleep.
2. Either you do as you are told or you will be punished.
3. They may come here either tomorrow or on Friday.
4. The bag was so heavy that I could not carry it.
5. She does not care whether she passes or fails.
6. The boys were not only naughty but also rude.
7. The drink was so sweet that we had to add some more water to it.
1. She was so worried that she could not sleep.
2. Either you do as you are told or you will be punished.
3. They may come here either tomorrow or on Friday.
4. The bag was so heavy that I could not carry it.
5. She does not care whether she passes or fails.
6. The boys were not only naughty but also rude.
7. The drink was so sweet that we had to add some more water to it.
Synthesis (Conjunctions p 38-39)
Synthesis (Conjunctions p 38-39)
1. Stephen and Stuart are angry with Mary for revealing their secret.
2. He had to rush to the airport although it was raining heavily.
3. The runaway teenager disguised herself so that she could not be recognised.
4. Unless Fiona has finished her homework, she cannot come with us.
5. I could not sleep despite feeling tired.
6. I will play tennis tomorrow unless it is raining.
7. As yesterday was a public holiday, most of the shops were closed.
8. I am not working tomorrow so I do not have to get up early.
9. As the thief was climbing over the wall, someone saw him.
10. Lisa hung the clothes out to dry after washing the clothes/ she washed the clothes/ she had washed the clothes.
11. Dave switched on the light because it was very dark inside.
1. Stephen and Stuart are angry with Mary for revealing their secret.
2. He had to rush to the airport although it was raining heavily.
3. The runaway teenager disguised herself so that she could not be recognised.
4. Unless Fiona has finished her homework, she cannot come with us.
5. I could not sleep despite feeling tired.
6. I will play tennis tomorrow unless it is raining.
7. As yesterday was a public holiday, most of the shops were closed.
8. I am not working tomorrow so I do not have to get up early.
9. As the thief was climbing over the wall, someone saw him.
10. Lisa hung the clothes out to dry after washing the clothes/ she washed the clothes/ she had washed the clothes.
11. Dave switched on the light because it was very dark inside.
Miscellaneous WS 2 p 36-37(as soon as, until, once, as long as, as well as, without, other than)
Miscellaneous WS 2 p 36-37(as soon as, until, once, as long as, as well as, without, other than)
1. As soon as the fire alarm rang, the occupants rushed out through the door immediately.
2. Joshua has to wait outside the house until the locksmith comes.
3. Once the musical has started, latecomers have to wait outside the theatre.
4. Until Cody has cleaned up the spilled beans, he cannot have his dinner.
5. As long as you are under fifteen years old, you can join the story-telling competition.
6. The thief took all the old lady’s money as well as her precious antique clock.
7. They walked out of the supermarket without paying for the goods.
8. William came home from his holidays in Tasmania without any money left.
9. No one other than Cindy can stand on her head.
10. Bryce is brilliant in Mathematics as well as Science.
1. As soon as the fire alarm rang, the occupants rushed out through the door immediately.
2. Joshua has to wait outside the house until the locksmith comes.
3. Once the musical has started, latecomers have to wait outside the theatre.
4. Until Cody has cleaned up the spilled beans, he cannot have his dinner.
5. As long as you are under fifteen years old, you can join the story-telling competition.
6. The thief took all the old lady’s money as well as her precious antique clock.
7. They walked out of the supermarket without paying for the goods.
8. William came home from his holidays in Tasmania without any money left.
9. No one other than Cindy can stand on her head.
10. Bryce is brilliant in Mathematics as well as Science.
Synthesis p34-35 (Miscellaneous WS 1)
Miscellaneous WS 1 p 34-35(since, as, in case, lest, before, after, while)
1. Mrs Snow is worried about Cheryl since she had never stayed out so late at night.
2. The computer has broken down as it is making strange noises.
3. We should take our raincoats with us in case it might rain.
4. Barry put his spare keys at his parents’ place in case he might misplace his own set.
5. I made sure to stay with the tour group lest I got lost.
6. Before sweeping the floor thoroughly, Gail picked up the broken pieces of glass.
Or Before Gail swept the floor thoroughly, she picked up the broken pieces of glass.
7. While climbing mountains is fun, it is very tiring physically.
8. After breaking the egg into the bowl, stir it into the mixture.
9. The garage used to be green before it was painted pink.
10. After the old lady had fallen down the stairs, she needed two operations to fix her broken bones.
1. Mrs Snow is worried about Cheryl since she had never stayed out so late at night.
2. The computer has broken down as it is making strange noises.
3. We should take our raincoats with us in case it might rain.
4. Barry put his spare keys at his parents’ place in case he might misplace his own set.
5. I made sure to stay with the tour group lest I got lost.
6. Before sweeping the floor thoroughly, Gail picked up the broken pieces of glass.
Or Before Gail swept the floor thoroughly, she picked up the broken pieces of glass.
7. While climbing mountains is fun, it is very tiring physically.
8. After breaking the egg into the bowl, stir it into the mixture.
9. The garage used to be green before it was painted pink.
10. After the old lady had fallen down the stairs, she needed two operations to fix her broken bones.
Synthesis p 30-31 : Both/Either...or/Neither...nor (WS1-2)
Synthesis p 30-31: Both/Either...or/Neither...nor (WS1-2)
1. Both Christine and Phyllis are attending the ballet class.
2. Neither Susan nor Christine enjoyed the opera.
3. Vicki can either take the green bag or the red one to the party.
4. Peggy is neither stupid nor lazy.
5. Louise can either take the train or taxi to her friend’s house.
6. Charlotte likes neither spiders nor snakes.
7. Neither Albert nor his sisters like bittergourd.
8. Either Nancy or her friends have finished the lemonade.
9. Neither Bobby nor the girls know how to do the sum.
10. Neither the boys nor the girl has any money.
WS 2
1. Peter neither speaks Japanese or French.
2. Either Larry or his sisters take piano lessons.
3. Both Malek and Stephen play football well.
4. Neither Arthur nor his sister speaks Malay.
5. Neither Peter nor the boys are band members.
1. Both Mr Wong and Mr Martin go to the gymnasium three times a week.
2. Neither the girl nor the boys have long hair.
Or Neither the boys nor the girl has long hair.
3. Neither Maggie nor the pupils believe in ghosts.
Or Neither the pupils nor Maggie believes in ghosts.
4. Neither Mr Omar nor his colleagues have to work overtime.
5. Neither the boys nor Jack is a basketball fan.
Or Neither Jack nor the boys are basketball fans.
1. Both Christine and Phyllis are attending the ballet class.
2. Neither Susan nor Christine enjoyed the opera.
3. Vicki can either take the green bag or the red one to the party.
4. Peggy is neither stupid nor lazy.
5. Louise can either take the train or taxi to her friend’s house.
6. Charlotte likes neither spiders nor snakes.
7. Neither Albert nor his sisters like bittergourd.
8. Either Nancy or her friends have finished the lemonade.
9. Neither Bobby nor the girls know how to do the sum.
10. Neither the boys nor the girl has any money.
WS 2
1. Peter neither speaks Japanese or French.
2. Either Larry or his sisters take piano lessons.
3. Both Malek and Stephen play football well.
4. Neither Arthur nor his sister speaks Malay.
5. Neither Peter nor the boys are band members.
1. Both Mr Wong and Mr Martin go to the gymnasium three times a week.
2. Neither the girl nor the boys have long hair.
Or Neither the boys nor the girl has long hair.
3. Neither Maggie nor the pupils believe in ghosts.
Or Neither the pupils nor Maggie believes in ghosts.
4. Neither Mr Omar nor his colleagues have to work overtime.
5. Neither the boys nor Jack is a basketball fan.
Or Neither Jack nor the boys are basketball fans.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE (Personification)
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
PERSONIFICATION
Sometimes an inanimate object (non-living thing), an abstract idea or an animal is given human characteristics (personified) so as to enable the reader to picture what is happening to the object, abstract thought or animals much better.
Examples :
Sadness gripped me by my throat and took away my speech.
Emotion, which is abstract, is personified since it seems capable of executing motions (‘gripped’ and ‘took away’) that only humans can execute.
The top spun round and round like a ballerina before collapsing breathless onto the ground.
The inanimate object, the top, is given human characteristics, i.e. the ability to ‘spin’ and go ‘breathless’. It is also compared to a ballerina – note use of the word, ‘like’. Do you remember what you had learnt earlier? Name the figurative language used and the two dissimilar things that are being compared.
Figurative Language : _________________________________________________
Comparison is made between __________________________and _____________
Example : An instance of personification and its effect on the poem is given below.
The Wind By James Stephens
The wind stood up and gave a shout.
He whistled on his fingers and
Kicked the withered leaves about
And thumped the branches with his hand
And said he’d kill and kill and kill
And so he will and so he will.
A. Below identify the thing, or things, that is, or are, being personified and describe the effect that the use of personification has on the piece of writing below.
So Peter Hovenden and his daughter Annie plodded on, without further conversation, until, in a by-street of the town, they found themselves passing the open door of a blacksmith’s shop. Within was seen the forge, now blazing up, and illuminating the high and dusky roof, and now confining its lustre to a narrow precinct of the coal-strewn floor, according as the breath of the bellows was puffed forth, or again inhaled into its vast leathern lungs. In the intervals of brightness, it was easy to distinguish hung upon the wall; in the momentary gloom, the fire seemed to be glimmering amidst the vagueness of unenclosed space. Moving about in this red glare and alternate dusk, was the figure of the blacksmith, well-worthy to be viewed in so picturesque an aspect of light and shade, where the bright blaze struggled with the black night, as if each would have snatched his comely strength from the other. Anon, he drew a white-hot bar of iron from the coals, laid it on the anvil, uplifted his arm of might, and was seen enveloped in the myriad of sparks which the strokes of his hammer scattered into the surrounding gloom.
A. Identify at least 2 similes, 1 metaphor, 2 personifications, 5 adjectives and 3 adverbs and explain the effect that each would have on the reader.
We had been two days without water in the hilly, sand-covered August furnace of the Gobi Desert and I felt the first fluttering of fear. The early days of the sun rising over the rim of the world dispersed the sharp chill of the desert night. Fear came with small, fast-beating wings and was suppressed as we sucked pebbles and dragged our feet on to make maximum distance before the blinding heat of noon. From time to time one or other of us would climb one of the endless knolls and look south to see the same deadly landscape stretching to the horizon.
The heat enveloped us, sucking most of the moisture from our bodies, putting ankle-irons of lethargy about our legs. Each one of us walked with his own thoughts and none spoke, dully concentrating on placing one foot ahead of the other interminably. Most often l led the way, and the others bunched together a few yards behind. I was driving them now, making them get to their feet in the mornings, forcing them to cut short the noon rest. As we still walked in the rays of the setting sun the fear hit me again. It was, of course, the fundamental, most oppressive fear of all – that we should die here in the burning wilderness.
It began to take shape and definition, and hope began to well up in us. And hope became certainty. There were trees – real, live, growing, healthy trees in a clump, outlined against the sand like a blob of ink on a fresh-laundered tablecloth.
The trees loomed larger and I saw they were palms and in their shade was a sunken hollow, roughly oval-shaped, and I knew there must be water. A few hundred yards from the oasis we crossed an east-west caravan track. On the fringe of the trees we passed an incongruous pile of what looked like rusting biscuits tins as in some fantastic mid-desert junk yard. In the last twenty yards we quickened our pace and I think we managed a lope that was very near a run.
PERSONIFICATION
Sometimes an inanimate object (non-living thing), an abstract idea or an animal is given human characteristics (personified) so as to enable the reader to picture what is happening to the object, abstract thought or animals much better.
Examples :
Sadness gripped me by my throat and took away my speech.
Emotion, which is abstract, is personified since it seems capable of executing motions (‘gripped’ and ‘took away’) that only humans can execute.
The top spun round and round like a ballerina before collapsing breathless onto the ground.
The inanimate object, the top, is given human characteristics, i.e. the ability to ‘spin’ and go ‘breathless’. It is also compared to a ballerina – note use of the word, ‘like’. Do you remember what you had learnt earlier? Name the figurative language used and the two dissimilar things that are being compared.
Figurative Language : _________________________________________________
Comparison is made between __________________________and _____________
Example : An instance of personification and its effect on the poem is given below.
The Wind By James Stephens
The wind stood up and gave a shout.
He whistled on his fingers and
Kicked the withered leaves about
And thumped the branches with his hand
And said he’d kill and kill and kill
And so he will and so he will.
A. Below identify the thing, or things, that is, or are, being personified and describe the effect that the use of personification has on the piece of writing below.
So Peter Hovenden and his daughter Annie plodded on, without further conversation, until, in a by-street of the town, they found themselves passing the open door of a blacksmith’s shop. Within was seen the forge, now blazing up, and illuminating the high and dusky roof, and now confining its lustre to a narrow precinct of the coal-strewn floor, according as the breath of the bellows was puffed forth, or again inhaled into its vast leathern lungs. In the intervals of brightness, it was easy to distinguish hung upon the wall; in the momentary gloom, the fire seemed to be glimmering amidst the vagueness of unenclosed space. Moving about in this red glare and alternate dusk, was the figure of the blacksmith, well-worthy to be viewed in so picturesque an aspect of light and shade, where the bright blaze struggled with the black night, as if each would have snatched his comely strength from the other. Anon, he drew a white-hot bar of iron from the coals, laid it on the anvil, uplifted his arm of might, and was seen enveloped in the myriad of sparks which the strokes of his hammer scattered into the surrounding gloom.
A. Identify at least 2 similes, 1 metaphor, 2 personifications, 5 adjectives and 3 adverbs and explain the effect that each would have on the reader.
We had been two days without water in the hilly, sand-covered August furnace of the Gobi Desert and I felt the first fluttering of fear. The early days of the sun rising over the rim of the world dispersed the sharp chill of the desert night. Fear came with small, fast-beating wings and was suppressed as we sucked pebbles and dragged our feet on to make maximum distance before the blinding heat of noon. From time to time one or other of us would climb one of the endless knolls and look south to see the same deadly landscape stretching to the horizon.
The heat enveloped us, sucking most of the moisture from our bodies, putting ankle-irons of lethargy about our legs. Each one of us walked with his own thoughts and none spoke, dully concentrating on placing one foot ahead of the other interminably. Most often l led the way, and the others bunched together a few yards behind. I was driving them now, making them get to their feet in the mornings, forcing them to cut short the noon rest. As we still walked in the rays of the setting sun the fear hit me again. It was, of course, the fundamental, most oppressive fear of all – that we should die here in the burning wilderness.
It began to take shape and definition, and hope began to well up in us. And hope became certainty. There were trees – real, live, growing, healthy trees in a clump, outlined against the sand like a blob of ink on a fresh-laundered tablecloth.
The trees loomed larger and I saw they were palms and in their shade was a sunken hollow, roughly oval-shaped, and I knew there must be water. A few hundred yards from the oasis we crossed an east-west caravan track. On the fringe of the trees we passed an incongruous pile of what looked like rusting biscuits tins as in some fantastic mid-desert junk yard. In the last twenty yards we quickened our pace and I think we managed a lope that was very near a run.
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